10 secret WhatsApp tricks

WhatsApp. Wonderful, wonderful, WhatsApp. The messaging service that made BBM look boring and text messages redundant.

Of course there are now heaps of messaging services around, but WhatsApp has had a massive head start on almost all of them, meaning it has tonnes of features.

You can read all about what it is and how it works in our WhatsApp feature, but for those who already know the beauty of the service, here are some secret tips you might not know about.

Hide the blue ticks

Those blue ticks can get you in a whole world of trouble, especially when you don't reply instantly and someone sees you have read their messages. You can turn them off, but it's worth noting that if you do, you won't get read receipts for your messages either.

iOS: Settings > Account > Privacy > Toggle off Read Receipts.

Android: Settings > Account > Privacy > Untick Read Receipts.

Turn words bold, italic or strikethrough

Sometimes certain words need more emphasis and shouty caps just isn't going to cut it. Don't worry, WhatsApp allows you to make whichever words or phrases you want bold, italic, or strikethrough them altogether.

iOS and Android: Add an asterisk either side of the word or phrase for *bold*. Add an underscore either side of the word or phrase for _italic_. Add a tildes to either side of the word or phase for ~strikethrough~.

Find who you talk to most

Who is really your favourite person? It might not be who you think. On iOS, there is a way to find the people you send the most messages to and how much storage each person takes up, among other things.

iOS: Settings > Account > Storage Usage > Select Contact

Add dates to your calendar automatically

If you're prone to forgetting dates mentioned in various chats, it's possible to automatically create an event directly from WhatsApp on iOS.

iOS: Press and hold date within chat > Create Event

Mark chats as unread

Ever been out and about, read a chat and then completely forgot to reply? We do it all the time. There is a way to mark important chats with dot to remind you to go back to it though.
iOS: Chats >  Swipe left to right > Mark as Unread

Android: Long press chat > Open Menu > Mark as Unread

Save your data allowance

If you've got a limited data allowance, you don't want WhatsApp munching it all away. Thankfully, you can customise when media is allowed to download, as well as ensure calls use as little data as possible.

iOS and Android: Settings > Data Usage

Stop people seeing your messages

Ever passed your phone to a friend and instantly panicked about the messages they might see come through? Yeah, we haven't either. For those that have, you can turn off message preview on iOS so only the contact's name will appear, rather than their life story.

In Android, it's not possible through the WhatsApp app but you can stop private information showing up on your lock screen in Android itself.

iOS: Settings > Notifications > Toggle off Show Preview

Why Second Love Is The Real One

Second love teaches you how to love again after you’ve been broken. It teaches you that love still exists, that you’re capable of loving again and loving harder. That you can still have faith in love no matter how much pain your first love caused you. Second love is there to pick up the pieces.

Second love gives you hope. That your fairy tale is still out there. That heartbreak is not the end of the world and that there are better things ahead. It shows you what happens when you move on, when you let go, when you try again and when you never lose hope. Second love shows you the light after the dark.

Second love is braver. It means you know how to forgive, you know how to risk getting hurt again because it’s worth it. It means that you’re prepared for the worst but you’re hoping for the best. Second love makes you stronger.

Second love makes you believe in timing. Why things didn’t work out the first time around, why you fell in love with the wrong person, why you had to get your heartbroken and why someone left you when they promised to love you. It’s here to tell you that there is always a valid reason behind your pain and that loving someone doesn’t always mean they’re right for you. Second love answers all these questions.

Second love makes sense. It’s not based on childhood fantasies or lust or infatuation. It’s not blind or reckless or toxic. It’s not based on unrealistic expectations or sheer obsession. Second love comes after you’ve learned to listen to your gut, to watch for the red flags, to pick someone because they will add value to your life and when you’ve learned to make decisions out of maturity not out of loneliness.

Second love shows you that you can be someone’s first choice and shows you what it really means to be loved

I Can’t Get You Off My Mind, But You Can’t Even Text Me Back

I sat here for nearly 20 minutes staring at my phone screen deciding if I should hit send or not on a message, a stupid message that said, “hey” because I was scared that would be too much.

But I hit send and you responded. You responded a total of three times and that was all.

Now I remember why I felt the hesitation I did to hit send in the first place.

I can’t stop thinking about you and I don’t even interest you enough to respond to my texts, but don’t worry. I heard your message loud and clear.

It’s time to stop hanging on to someone who has no intentions of staying, who has no interest in being in my life or even being there for me in the slightest way.

So, I’m done. You win.

I’m done telling myself you must care about me when you clearly don’t. I’m no longer trying to convince myself that maybe the spark is still there, that maybe it just needs to be rekindled a little.

I’m over allowing my heart to be mistreated by people who don’t even want it when I’m trying so hard to stick it in the palms of their hands.

I’m not saying this is your fault, no. It’s mine. It’s all my fault for stupidly trying to create something out of nothing. I wanted there to be chemistry, I wanted there to be a connection between us and I wanted to believe that you’re the one for me, but it’s obvious you’re not. I wanted it so bad I kept trying to create something out of nothing.

You don’t want to be there and I keep trying so hard to be a presence in your life, to make you remember me, to pop up on your phone screen and make you think of me. But stupidly enough, I’ve yet to realize enough is enough and it’s time to bite the bullet and give up, until now.

Now I realize we’ve had our fun and that’s all it was to you. You never wanted more, but I wanted to believe you did because I did. You never wanted to stick around and cook breakfast with me. You never intended on asking me to go to the movies with you. You didn’t want to go for a walk in the middle of the day hand in hand. You wanted none of that, but I tried so desperately to create that imagine in my head because it’s what I wanted with you, even when you had no interest in that life with me.

It took you not texting me back after only a few responses to realize this is over, it’s so long gone and I’m desperately clinging to something that is no longer there. You’ve moved on and I thought maybe I could convince you that I’m still here and I still want this, but none of it matters because you don’t want me.

As much as I want you, I’m letting you go because no matter how much I might want you I also want you to want it too, and you don’t.

Here’s to no more text messages, no more random Snapchats, no more anything. I heard your message loud and clear, and it’s time for me to move on, too.

You’ll always live in my heart, but no longer in my head. 

If I Knew I Was Going To Lose You, I Would’ve Kissed You One More Time

I guess I thought you would always come back to me. I thought that if you had the same amount of love for me as I did for you, then you’d eventually come back. I never thought you would actually leave me. For good.

It’s scary to think that a person you once knew as your soulmate, your best friend, your lover, can one day be everything to you, and then the next day, be a memory. Just. Like. That. They send you a message telling you, it’s over. They send you a message telling you that they have met someone else. And at first you try to convince yourself that they will change their mind.

Obviously they will, because they said – “forever”. Right?

But then, rain turns to snow, and snow turns to ice. And you realize that while you’re freezing in the cold, he’s living in summer. And he’s warm. But he’s not warm because of you anymore.

It’s scary to think that I was the one who used to warm him. I was the one who kissed his tears until they were gone. I was his first, and he was mine. I was the one who traveled on planes just to get to him, even though I f***ing hate them. I was the one who told him “Forever, right?”and he always said back to me, “Yes. Forever.”

I wish we had never said those words. It’s still engrained in my head that forever equals us. Not her. Not him. But, us. Did you know that there’s a park bench with our names carved on it permanently?

But, now I know. Words are just words. And words are never set in stone. People are just people. And people will change their minds. People will leave.

If I knew that you would leave me for good, I would’ve wanted to hug you. And tell you that even though it wasn’t the same for you, it will always be for me. And even though, I wasn’t your love anymore, that you were mine. And I guess I would’ve told you to keep that five year journal I gave you, so you can re-read our memories. And I would’ve told you to take care of yourself. Like I would have done.

And if I knew that you were going to forget me for good, I would’ve kissed you one last time. I would’ve kissed you so sweetly. I would’ve kissed you so gently. And you’d know that when I said “forever”, I actually meant it.

And maybe I’d make it so, you could never forget me. Maybe, I’d make it so, you never left me at all.

E ven Though It’s Over For You, It’s Not Over For Me

Even though it’s over, I can still feel you here. When I close my eyes at night I can still feel your hands interlaced with mine and I swear I can feel your arms around me. I can still smell you in the air and I can still feel your heart beating.

Even though it’s over, I still miss you. I go through our text messages and laugh at our jokes. I still remember everything that we said and did. I remember your birthday that we spent in front of the pond talking about the world. And I remember arguing about which flavor of pizza to get.

Even though it’s over, I still think about you. I think about everything we were and everything we could have been. Then I think about what we are and it still breaks my heart every time.

Even though it’s over, I still wish you’d change your mind. I still wish you’d come back to me. Sometimes I stare at my phone, because I hope you’ll reach out to me one day.

Even though it’s over, I still write about you. No matter how many days pass that you don’t cross my mind, somehow you’ll always come back again and I’ll write everything that I want to tell you.

Even though it’s over, it’s still you. Your smile. Your laugh. Your eyes. Your scent. Your words. Your touch. It’s always just you.

Because even though it’s over for you, it’s not over for me.

Whatever We Are, I Miss You

I didn’t think that I would miss you but I do.

Every morning when I wake up, the first thing I look at is my cellphone. Your name is always there. A text message response to a conversation we had the night before.

Every. Single. Morning. For nine months. This has been our routine.

But the last message I got from you was at midnight a week ago. You said we should part ways. No detailed explanation why. You said your good bye and that was that. No response to my questions. No acknowledgement of anything.

You just left. No reason. No explanation. You’re just gone.

I spent several days playing our conversation over and over. What did I say that was wrong? What did I do? Why did this happen? It’s a never-ending string of questions that I know will never have a response to.

We’re not even dating. We’re not in any kind of relationship. We, honestly, do not even know what we are. We never defined it. We’re just… us.

Randomly meeting in an extraordinary mixture of events that can only be attributed to fate. Out of the handful of people in the area, walking around, you decided to approach me as I was packing my bag to leave. Small, random conversation leading to topics we surprisingly realized we were both passionate about. I knew right then and there that this was not a coincidence. This was fate, knocking at my door.

It was so easy conversing with you, as if we’ve known each other our whole lives. We both have a quirky sense of humor. You appreciate my random bursts of useless information. You find it endearing. I love the way you get excited about small things I send you. I find it refreshing. We share the same values. We connect.

Fate brought you to me, but destiny decided you’re not going to stay.

Not a day goes by that I don’t wish we were texting again. I want to tell you the latest news regarding the theme park ride that we both love. Or the publishing date of that book series we were both following. Even a small piece of trivia regarding a tv show that we were crazy about.

Not a day goes by that I don’t wish I could still text you pictures of my latest adventure. Or send you the latest pose of my fur baby. Or even just a random “how’s your day going?”

Not a day goes by that I don’t wish we could still discuss our lives and our problems. Vent out my frustrations and listen to you vent yours.

Not a day goes by that I don’t wish we were back to being whatever we were. I miss that.

I miss you. I didn’t think I would…but I do.

Not a day goes by that I don’t realize that you’re more important to me than I thought. That maybe we’re not just whatever. Maybe we’re more than that.

But now, I’ll never know. 

Why It’s So Hard To Lose Someone Who Was Never Yours

Just when I accepted that things were going to be bleak, you came. You were that one person I didn’t expect to majorly turn things around for me. To be honest, I thought our first date would be our last because you were a bit quiet; which made me think you weren’t enjoying my company. Little did I know, that it was just the beginning of the happy moments that are now just memories etched in my mind.

We were total opposites but our personalities jived greatly. While you were mostly reserved, you never failed to make me feel that I was wanted. Your texts were consistent, you made sure we saw each other regularly, you constantly held my hand, and always kissed me when I arrived and before I left. I appreciated that even though we never talked about what we really were, you always made me feel special. I always marveled at the effort you put into us, and I am very grateful for all of it.

At some point I started feeling genuinely happy again. Having you in my life made me hopeful that I might have another shot at happiness.

I still had bad days, but knowing that you were there made everything bearable, because I knew I had something good to look forward to. You were my happy pill; just the thought of you in my life made me smile. Thinking about us always made me feel like everything was going to be okay, and I truly believed we were going to end up somewhere great.

But now I’m back to square one. You left me when things went glum. I can’t completely blame you because the situation was frightening, but I wish you’d stayed. I know things went insane, but I was willing to do everything in my power to keep you safe. But you made me feel as if I wasn’t worth the risk, even though I took every chance for you. I put my guard down for you in spite of my fears of being hurt, because I believed you were worth it. I also understood your fears. I know it wouldn’t have been easy, but you didn’t even give me another chance to prove that you were safe with me. You didn’t trust me enough.

Despite all this, I miss you so much. I miss your texts, the way you hold my hand every chance that you get, the way you put your arms around me while I wait for the bus or the car, your tight hugs that say everything you can’t, the way you rub your nose against mine, and the kisses that never failed to make me smile. The two months we spent together were amazing.

I know maybe that’s too short of a time to be feeling this way, but I guess this is really how it feels when you lose someone who was never really yours. You get eaten up by the what-if’s and the what-could-have-been’s.

You will always be left wondering how things would have gone had the situation been different.

It’s difficult to get used to days without you again. I wanted more time with you, I wanted more memories with you, but now I just have to be content with what we had. I still hope you’ll come back and take a chance on me, but I know it’s all just wishful thinking at this point. It hurts so badly, but I still want to thank you for everything. Thank you for making me see that I can still be happy again. Thank you for making me feel special. Thank you for the opportunity to be with someone as wonderful as you. I never thought I’d get this chance again but now I know, there are still good guys left in this world.

So I guess there’s nothing else to do but to move on. It’s going to be a rough road ahead, and there will be times when I will stumble and fall, but I’ll have to force myself to keep moving. I have to believe that somewhere, there is that one man who will be brave enough to climb my walls, take my hand, and never let it go, no matter what obstacles we’ll have to go through. It’s hard but I have to keep the faith that somehow, everything will fall into its place. 

Someday I’ll Be Able To Move On From You

I don’t know if getting over you is an option anymore.

I’ve tried. Shit have I tried. But it just hasn’t happened. And Facebook likes to remind me of how happy we used to be. At first, those memories used to be just a piece of nostalgia. Just something I could look at from time to time when they popped up and smile because you and I were so happy.

But now, as I sit here, older but not even close to wiser, they are constant torture. They are the reminders of how happy I was then and how unhappy I am now. Because even though we had so many problems, big ones, the moments of solace in between were worth it. Were worth everything. And if I had to do it all over again, I would. In a heartbeat.

This nightmare makes me wish that I was dreaming. That I’m going to wake up and none of the past few years have happened and I still have you. I still have everything that I had ever wanted and didn’t take it for granted. Because I did take you for granted and that was my fault. I ran so far away to escape the pain of you and I was doing great. Until I was forced to sit with myself. Forced to feel those painful feelings and memories that came along with losing you.

Because you are the most painful feeling I’ve ever felt.

At times it cripples me to the point where my knees buckle and I fall forward. It’s those moments, when I let myself feel the pain of losing you, is when I know I should have done it long ago. Because maybe if I had faced those feelings and dealt with them, they wouldn’t be as severe as they are right now.

But we both know that wouldn’t be true.

You will always be my biggest heartbreak and my biggest regret. And that’s just something I’ve been getting used to.

Something I’ll never fully accept but will eventually just let become a part of me. The jaded part I notice only when I start to let myself feel any sort of romantic feelings for someone else. Because there’s no way I’m going to let someone into those guarded parts of my heart again.

That’s the problem with knowledge, as soon as we know something, we’re less likely to be naïve about outcomes. And I know how hard I battle daily to continue with a routine that just feels so lacklustre without you. One that has taken me years to work on. One that has just made me run away time and time again to feel a version of alive.

I never knew when someone got under your skin, how hard it would be to wash them away. How often you have to actively work on being OK without them. I had always assumed, as adolescent as it sounds, that once you were sure you found the love of your life you both were just meant to be. But I can tell you as an adult, I don’t believe in that anymore.

I don’t believe that love is something that just happens to us and that’s it.

Love is something we work for. That’s a mantra that repeats in my head every time I start to go down the path of new love. This is something I’m going to have to work for. Something I’m going to have to fight for. Something I’m going to have to prepare for. And since the time that you left me, I haven’t been ready to fight again. Because I gave all my efforts, strength and energy to someone who was never going to be mine.

And while it might seem sad that I still wrestle daily with you, while I don’t fully believe I’ll ever be completely over you. While I think that you’ll always manage to haunt me until the day I die, I don’t believe that love is something that will never come again. Love is just waiting for me to pick myself up and get back into the ring.

It’s waiting for me to be able to be strong enough to push through when things aren’t ideal.

So right now, while you still cripple me, I know that one day I’m going to get back up. I’m going to be able to love again. And hopefully you’ll no longer be the nightmare that haunts me but more a distant memory of something that once was.

And when that day comes, it’s to be the best day of my life. 

Thank for break my heart

You were my first love and essentially my everything. I would have gone to the ends of the earth for you. I was putty in your hands because I was so vulnerably in love with you. Loving you made me crazy. Not in a bad way; in a beautiful, earth-shattering way. It made me experience feelings that I didn’t even know were possible. I never knew I could feel so deeply for another person until you came into my life.

And then you broke my heart. You crushed it and left me with scars that will never fully go away. In the beginning, I didn’t think I would be able to make it through the heartbreak. It was the worst pain I’d ever felt. It was like you had driven me out into a desert, told me I was worthless and then drove away, leaving me there to starve and die on my own. I was absolutely terrified. Everything that I knew about my future and myself was shattered. I barely knew who I was anymore. I couldn’t even properly function, reducing myself to a hysterical mess on my couch for three days straight.

Everyone kept saying to me “time heals all wounds.” At first I just couldn’t bring myself to believe them. But after a while, I started to feel like they might be right. I observed many of my friends who had been abruptly been broken up with just like me and they were all doing fine now.

I began to feel to feel a sense of hope that I might be doing fine one day as well. And now I am. It’s still a work in progress and I still feel pain sometimes, but I see the light at the end of this very dark tunnel.

So I just want to thank you for breaking my heart. If you hadn’t, I wouldn’t know what it’s like to hit rock bottom and then pick myself up from there. If I didn’t know how it feels to reach my lowest point, I wouldn’t fully understand how strong I am and how much resilience I possess. Thank you for breaking off our relationship because now I know that I am worth so much more than what you were willing to give me. Know I can see what I want in a woman and what I don’t want. I will look for someone who truly comprehends how special I am and someone who values me way more than you ever did.

Thank you for crushing me. Now I realize that I had lost myself in you. Now I can focus on getting myself back to the incredible and single person I was before I was even been in a relationship. Thank you for making me see the beauty in this breakdown. There was magnificence and poetry in the pain I experienced. Thank you for helping me explore my artistic outlets. It has given me so much inspiration to pursue my love of the arts.

At the same time, thank you for being my first love. If you had never loved me, I wouldn’t know how beautiful life is. You added so many colors to my world. For the first time in my life, I understood every love song, every smile and every blue sky. Love makes life worth living and without you I would have never known how true that is. This entire heartbreak wouldn’t have hurt so badly if we didn’t love each other so passionately. We didn’t end on bad terms and maybe someday we’ll reunite but for now, I just want to thank you for helping me see the splendor in this cruel world.

So thank you for giving me this remarkable experience of loving and losing. I’ve never felt more emotions in my entire life. I’ve also never felt more accomplished. I think a part of me will always love you. But I know that every part of me will forever feel grateful that you loved me, broke my heart and showed me what I’m really made off.

I Fell In Love With When The Timing Was Just Not Right

First of all, let it be known here and now that I did love you. I was only ever cold to you that one time because I cared too much. I could never think normally when I was around you. Some say that infatuation is different from love but what I felt for you bordered in between. I loved you despite i didn't told you but I also crushed on you like you were the best thing since coffee.
I used to believe that love was breath-taking, consuming and potent – it was all these things and more. Love has the ability to break you down like a mere puzzle piece. You thought you were a complete picture. That you have everything figured out. Here I come, world, be ready because I am here to face you. But one person can come into your life and make you rethink everything. And I mean everything. All of your photo is all over my phone.

They will make you ask questions that you never dreamed of before. They will make you want to be better – be someone they would never dream of leaving. They will make you cling to them like a life raft, how can you live without them now when you couldn’t even imagine how life was before you met them?

Here comes the kick: “It’s not you, it’s me.” I could kick myself for using that line. How original can I get? But it couldn’t be any truer. I loved everything about you but I hate everything that I am becoming because of these feelings I harbour for you. I’ve become someone who’s constantly afraid of fucking up because I just can’t imagine losing you that I have lost myself in this process of wanting to be yours.

I want to be the person who sees how the morning light touches your face while you’re still sleeping peacefully. I want to hold your hand. I want to take silent walks with you wherein we don’t even need to talk. I loved the totality of your person but I just don’t like me anymore.

I know that loss is bound to happen but I just can’t get the fear out of my head. You might think that I am departing because I don’t want to lose you. That is partly true. But really, I am leaving because I’m losing me.

I wish you the best in life. Truly, I do. Nothing would make me happier than to see you happy even if I am not a part of your happiness. Make music. Live the life you want to live. You deserve nothing less than genuine happiness. Maybe someday you’ll meet a person worthy of you. And maybe I’ll meet one worthy of me too.

Maybe someday, we’ll meet again and realize that we were always meant to be but we just met when the timing wasn’t right. Maybe we could try again. And we can finally take that walk. 

We Simply Fell In Love At The Wrong Time.

She was everything I ever wanted in a woman. If I were to conceptualise a list of ten desired qualities in a woman, she would score eleven out of ten. She was my other half, this uncomprehendingly wonderful being that fulfilled my life, so much so that I sometimes doubted his existence and thought that I had contrived her in a dream. She inspired me, challenged me and loved me just as I was: quirks, flaws and all. She touched my soul so deeply that I was completely vulnerable to her grasp, which was always tender and caring. She taught me what it felt like to truly love someone down to your core; what it felt like to constantly live with a burning desire, so strong that it actually pains you, and he showed me the perpetually engulfing warmth of deep, flaming, impassioned, mad love. He dreamed up delightful visions of our future together – bright enough for both our imaginations.

I loved every element of her soul.  I saw as more reasons to love her: I loved her heartwarming stutter when she became too excited about a topic of conversation; the sad smile she made that accompanied a vacant stare when remembering happy memories of a loved one lost;

She was my perfect puzzle piece: an over-thinker, a relentless inspiration-seeker, forever a solitary explorer, believing that life is meant for loving, and happiness is meant for sharing. She loved and took note of life’s simple pleasures, like a steaming cup of tea, aged wine, the smell of old books, the beauty in the silliness of a fit of uncontrollable laughter, the underrated phenomena of a thunderstorm, the crinkles in my nose when I laugh and the unique story to the cracks and pops of a spinning vinyl. She was a down-to-earth woman, taking a liking to the distinctive story behind every object, location and individual, equipped with the remarkable ability to connect with your soul; her presence an eternally rare gift. She encouraged my passions, loving the way I wrote words that I had never spoken, and my constant desire to make them bounce off the pages on which they were written. But he was also was my reality: pulling me back down to earth when I had floated too far into space.

My First Love And My First Heartbreak.

Must know

1. Your shoes are the first  thing people subconsciously notice about you.  Wear nice shoes.

2. If you sit for more than 11 hours a day,  there's a 50% chance you'll die within the next 3 years.

3.  There are at least 6 people in the world who look exactly like you.  There's a 9% chance that you'll meet one of them in your  lifetime.

4.  Sleeping without a pillow reduces back pain and keeps your spine stronger.

5. A person’s height is determined by their father, and their weight is determined by their mother. 

6. If a part of your body "falls asleep", You can  almost always "wake it up" by shaking your head.  

7. There are three things the human brain cannot  resist noticing - food, attractive people and danger. 

8. Right-handed people tend to chew food on their right side. 

9. Putting dry tea bags in gym bags or smelly shoes will absorb the unpleasant odor. 

10. According to Albert Einstein, if honey bees were to disappear from earth, humans would be dead within 4  years.

11. There are so many kinds of apples, that  if you ate a new one every day, it would take over 20 years to try them  all. 

12. You can survive without eating for weeks, but you  will only live 11 days without sleeping. 

13. People who laugh a lot are healthier than those who  don’t. 

14. Laziness and inactivity kills just as many people  as smoking. 

15. A human brain has a capacity to store 5 times as  much information as Wikipedia. 

16. Our brain uses the same amount of power as a  10-watt light bulb!! 

17. Our body gives enough heat in 30 minutes to boil  1.5 liters of water!! 

18. The Ovum egg is the largest cell and the sperm is  the smallest cell!! 

19. Stomach acid (conc. HCl) is strong enough to  dissolve razor blades!! 

20. Take a 10-30 minute walk every day & while you  walk, SMILE. It is the ultimate antidepressant. 

21. Sit in silence for at least 10 minutes each  day. 

22. When you wake up in the morning, pray to ask God's  guidance for your purpose, today. 

23. Eat more foods that grow on trees and plants and  eat less food that is manufactured in plants. 

24. Drink green tea and plenty of water. Eat  blueberries, broccoli, and almonds. 

25. Try to make at least three people smile each  day.

26. Don't waste your precious energy  on gossip, energy vampires, issues of the past, negative thoughts  and things you cannot control.  Instead invest  your energy in the positive present  moment.         

27. Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and  dinner like a college kid with a maxed out charge card. 

28. Life isn't fair, but it's still good. 

29. Life is too short to waste time hating anyone.  Forgive them for everything. 

30. Don't take yourself so seriously. No one else  does. 

31. You don't have to win every argument. Agree to  disagree. 

32. Make peace with your past so it won't spoil the  present. 

33. Don't compare your life to others. You have no idea  what their journey is all about. 

34. No one is in charge of your happiness except  you. 

35. Frame every so-called disaster with these words:  'In five years, will this matter?' 

36. Help the needy, Be generous! Be a 'Giver' not a  'Taker' 

37. What other people think of you is none of your  business. 

38. Time heals everything. 

39. However good or bad a situation is, it will  change. 

40. Your job won't take care of you when you are sick.  Your friends will. Stay in touch. 

41. Envy is a waste of time. You already have all you  need. 

42. Each night before you go to bed, pray to God and be  thankful for what you accomplished, today.  What if you woke up  this morning and only had what you thanked God for yesterday?  DON’T FORGET TO THANK GOD FOR EVERYTHING.

43. Remember that you are too blessed to be  stressed.

Now:  Think about forwarding this to your friends  to help them lead a happier and healthier life, too!

TRAVERSE CALCULATIONS

TRAVERSE CALCULATIONS

PROCEDURE FOR TRAVERSE CALCULATIONS

Adjust angles or directions

Example 0.89 / 2466.05 = 0.00036090
1 / 0.00036090 = 2770.8

Determine bearings or azimuths

Calculate and adjust latitudes and departures

Calculate rectangular coordinates

BALANCING ANGLES OF CLOSED TRAVERSES

An exampleof a calculation involving interior angles is available.

ADJUSTING ANGLES

Adjustments applied to angles are independent of the size of the angle

Methods of adjustment:

Make larger corrections where mistakes were most likely
Apply an average correction to each angle
Or a combination

Never make an adjustment that is smaller than the measured accuracy

DETERMINING BEARINGS OR AZIMUTHS

Requires the direction of at least one line within the traverse to be known or assumed

For many purposes, an assumed direction is sufficient

A magnetic bearing of one of the lines may be measured and used as the reference for determining the other directions

For boundary surveys, true directions are needed

LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

The latitude of a line is its projection on the north-south meridian and is equal to the length of the line times the cosine of its bearing

The departure of a line is its projection on the east-west meridian and is equal to the length of the line times the sine of its bearing

The latitude is the y component of the line and the departure is the x component of the line

LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

CLOSURE OF LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

The algebraic sum of all latitudes must equal zero or the difference in latitude between the initial and final control points

The algebraic sum of all departures must equal zero or the difference in departure between the initial and final control points

CALCULATION OF LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

Using bearings

  Station 
  Bearing 
  Length 
  Latitude 

Departure
  A
  
 N 26° 10'E  

285.10
   +255.88
  +125.72
  B
  
 S 75° 25'E  

610.45
   -153.70
  +590.78
  C 
  
 S 15° 30'W  

720.48
   -694.28
  -192.54
  D
  
 N  1° 42'W  

203.00
   +202.91
    -6.02
  E
  
 N 53° 06'W  

647.02
   +388.48
  -517.41
  A
  MISCLOSURE 
  -0.71
 +0.53

CALCULATION OF LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

Using azimuths

  Station 
  Azimuth 
  Length 
  Latitude 

Departure
  A
  
 26° 10' 

285.10
   +255.88
  +125.72
  B
  
 104° 35' 

610.45
   -153.70
  +590.78
  C 
  
 195° 30' 

720.48
   -694.28
  -192.54
  D
  
 358° 18' 

203.00
   +202.91
    -6.02
  E
  
 306° 54' 

647.02
   +388.48
  -517.41
  A
  MISCLOSURE 
  -0.71
 +0.53

ADJUSTMENT OF LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

Compass (Bowditch) Rule

ADJUSTMENT OF LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

  Station 
  Azimuth 
  Length 
  Latitude 

Departure
  A
 
 +0.08 
 -0.06
  
 26° 10' 

285.10
   +255.88
  +125.72
  B
 
 +0.18 
 -0.13
  
 104° 35' 

610.45
   -153.70
  +590.78
  C 
 
 +0.21 
 -0.15
  
 195° 30' 

720.48
   -694.28
  -192.54
  D
 
 +0.06 
 -0.05
  
 358° 18' 

203.00
   +202.91
    -6.02
  E
 
 +0.18 
 -0.14
  
 306° 54' 

647.02
   +388.48
  -517.41
  A
  TOTALS 
 2466.05 
  -0.71
 +0.53

ADJUSTMENT OF LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

 
 Balanced 
 Balanced
  Station 
  Latitude 
  Departure 
  Latitude 

Departure
  A
 
 +0.08 
 -0.06
  
 +255.88  

+125.72
   +255.96
  +125.66
  B
 
 +0.18 
 -0.13
  
 -153.70  

+590.78
   -153.52
  +590.65
  C 
 
 +0.21 
 -0.15
  
 -694.28  

-192.54
   -694.07
  -192.69
  D
 
 +0.06 
 -0.05
  
 +202.91  

-6.02
   +202.97
    -6.07
  E
 
 +0.18 
 -0.14
  
 +388.48  

-517.41
   +388.66
  -517.55
  A
 
 TOTALS 
 
  -0.71
 +0.53 
 0.00 
 0.00

RECTANGULAR COORDINATES

Rectangular X and Y coordinates of any point give its position with respect to a reference coordinate system

Useful for determining length and direction of lines, calculating areas, and locating points

You need one starting point on a traverse (which may be arbitrarily defined) to calculate the coordinates of all other points

A large initial coordinate is often chosen to avoid negative values, making calculations easier.

CALCULATING X AND Y COORDINATES

Given the X and Y coordinates of any starting point A, the X and Y coordinates of the next point B are determined by:

COORDINATES

 
 Balanced 
 Balanced
  Station 
  Latitude 
  Departure 
  Y-coord 

X-coord
  A 
 
 10000.00
 10000.00
 
 
 +255.96  
 +125.66
  B 
 
 10255.96
 10125.66
 
 
 -153.52  
 +590.65
  C 
 
 10102.44
 10716.31
 
 -694.07 
 -192.69
  D 
 
 9408.37
 10523.62
 
 
 +202.97  
 -6.07
  E 
 
 9611.34
 10517.55
 
 
 +388.66  
 -517.55
  A 
 
 10000.00
 10000.00
 
 TOTALS 
 
  0.00
 0.00

LINEAR MISCLOSURE

The hypotenuse of a right triangle whose sides are the misclosure in latitude and the misclosure in departure.

TRAVERSE PRECISION

The precision of a traverse is expressed as the ratio of linear misclosure divided by the traverse perimeter length.

expressed in reciprocal form

ignition system

The purpose of the ignition system is to generate a very high voltage from the car's 12 volt battery, and to send this to each sparkplug in turn, igniting the fuel-air mixture in the engine's combustion chambers.

The coil is the component that produces this high voltage. It is an electromagnetic device that converts the low-tension (LT) current from the battery to high-tension (HT) current each time the distributor contact-breaker points open.
The distributor unit consists of a metal bowl containing a central shaft, which is usually driven directly by the camshaft or, sometimes, by the crankshaft.

The bowl houses the contact-breaker points, rotor arm, and a device for altering the ignition timing. It also carries the distributor cap.

Distributing the current

The distributor cap is made of nonconductive plastic, and the current is fed to its central electrode by the HT lead from the centre of the coil.
Inside the cap there are more electrodes often called segments to which the sparkplug leads are connected, one per cylinder.
The rotor arm is fitted on top of the central shaft, and connects to the central electrode by means of a metal spring or spring-loaded brush in the top of the distributor cap.
The current enters the cap through the central electrode, passes to the centre of the rotor arm through the brush, and is distributed to each plug as the rotor arm revolves.
As the rotor arm approaches a segment, the contact-breaker points open and HT current passes through the rotor arm to the appropriate sparkplug lead.
The contact-breaker points are mounted inside the distributor. They act as a switch, in synchronisation with the engine, that cuts off and reconnects the 12 volt low-tension (LT) circuit to the coil.

The points are opened by cams on the central shaft, and are closed again by a spring arm on the moving contact.
With the points closed, LT current flows from the battery to the primary windings in the coil, and then to earth through the points.
When the points open, the magnetic field in the primary winding collapses and high-tension (HT) current is induced in the secondary windings.
This current is transferred to the sparkplugs through the distributor cap.
On a four-cylinder engine there are four cams. With each full rotation of the shaft the points open four times. Six-cylinder engines have six cams and six electrodes in the cap.
The position of the points and the distributor's body in relation to the central shaft can be adjusted manually.
This alters the timing of the spark to obtain an exact setting.
Further changes occur automatically as the engine speed varies according to the throttle opening.

In some modern ignition systems, micro-electronics ensure the optimum ignition timing for all engine speeds and engine load conditions

Completing the circuit

The complete ignition system

The sparkplugs are screwed into the combustion chambers in the cylinder head.
HT current passes from each segment on the distributor cap down the plug leads to the plug caps.
It then passes down the central electrode, which is insulated along its length, to the nose of the plug.
A side electrode connected to the plug body protrudes just below the central one, with the gap between the two usually set from 0.025 in. (0.6 mm) to 0.035 in. (0.9 mm).
The current sparks across this gap, flows along the side electrode, through the plug body and the engine, then back to the coil, completing the circuit.

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Construction of lead acid battery

Overview of lead acid battery

It is the main overview of lead acid battery,working and construction.

In lead acid battery there is a group of cells and in each cell there is one group of positive plates and one group of positive plates and one group of negative plates. The positive plates are made of lead peroxide (PbO2) and negative plate is made of spongy lead. Thus for identification the positive plate as the color of dark brown, whereas the negative plate as the color of light salty,

Construction of lead acid battery

In this topic we are discussing about the lead acid battery working , and construction . mainly construction

you can watch the video 

Main parts of lead acid battery

1. Separator.

It is most important part of lead acid battery. Which separate the positive and negative plates from each other and prevents the short circuit? The separators must be porous so that the electrolyte may circulate between the plates . The separators must have higher insulating resistance and mechanical strength. The material used for separators are wood, rubber, glass wood mate, pvc.

2. Electrolyte 

in lead acid battery dilute sulphuric acid (H2SO4)is used as an electrolyte. For this purpose one part concentrated sulphuric acid is mixed with three parts of distilled water.

3. Container.

Container is a box of vulcanized rubber, molded rubber, molded plastic, glass or ceramic , on the base of this box there are supports block on which the positive and negative plates are established. Thus between this supports there are grooves which works like a mud box. The active material separated from the plates get collected in this mud box and it cannot make the contact with the plates thus the internal faults due to the mud are avoided.

4. Cover of cell. 

In lead acid battery it is also made of the same material which is used is used for making container. It is used to cover the complete cell after the installation of the plates in it . it protects the cell from the dust as well as other external impurities.

5. Vent plug.

The vent plug are provide in the cover plate of the cell which are used to fill up the electrolyte in the cell or the inspection of internal condition of the cell the vent plugs  are aslo use for to exhaust the gases generated in the cell to the atmosphere.

6. Connecting bar.

It works like a link and used to connect the two cells in series. Terminal of one cell and negative terminal of another cell.

7 terminal posts

There are the terminals of the battery which are connected to charging circuit as well as the load. For identification the diameter of the positive terminal is design more as compared to the negative terminal.
Hence it is the lead acid battery construction, working also discuss below.

 lead acid battery, working

Dilute sulfuric acid used for lead acid battery   has ration of acid: water = 1:3.
This lead acid storage battery   is formed by dipping lead peroxide plate and sponge lead plate in dilute sulfuric acid. A load is connected externally between these plates. In diluted sulfuric acid the molecules of the acid split into positive hydrogen ions  and negative sulfate ions  . The hydrogen ions when reach at PbO2 plate, they receive electrons from it and become hydrogen atom which again attack PbO2 and form PbO and H2O (water). This PbO reacts with H2 SO4 and forms PbSO4 and H2O (water).

Hence it is the lead acid battery, construction and working.

                      periodic maintenance of lead acid battery .

1. Do not allow the battery to stand idle for long time this may cause inactivation of the battery cells.


2. Do not charge the battery with very high rate of current because high rate of charging causes high temperature rise and excessive gassing resulting in heavy loss of water and sometime overflowing of electrolyte from the battery cells.
3. After every complete discharge, the battery should be immediately charged before returning it to its regular floating service. Otherwise there may be a chance of deposition of sulphate film on the plates.
4. As already mentioned, the battery cells should be charged gently at normal rate so that there will be no chance of immediate gassing and temperature rise over 40°C. Otherwise there may be damage to the battery cells due to high temperature. During charging of batteries, continuous monitoring is required, if gassing starts and the temperature reaches the said limit, reduce the rate of charging. If after reducing the charging rate, the temperature is still approaching to the limit, it indicates the completion of charging process because even the normal rate of charging may produce high temperature rise if the battery approaches to the fully charged condition.
5. The voltage of each of the battery cells should be checked before conclusion of charging and each of the cells are properly and equally charged and the readings should also be tallied with previous record.
6. If the electrolyte level inside the battery cell comes down, it must be filled with distilled water up to the level marked on the cell itself. This is to compensate the loss of water due to evaporation.
7. During filling up distilled water in the battery cell, it must be carefully watched that the electrolyte level in the battery cells should not exceed the line marked on it. Otherwise there may be a chance of overflowing of electrolyte during gassing of the battery. High level of electrolyte may also cause softening the sealing compound on the top cover and subsequent leakage in the battery cell.
8. The specific gravity should be measured after at least two weeks from topping up to ensure thorough mixing of water in electrolyte.
9. The battery should be discharged up to the allowable limit and then it should be overcharged once in 2 to 3 months. The rate of overcharging must be followed as specified by the manufacturer. This operation is very important to maintain the acid storage battery in the active state.
10. When specific gravity of electrolyte is measured, it should not be forgotten to correct it for temperature. So that, all hydrometer readings will be referred to same temperature. The hydrometer should be kept clean with distilled water otherwise the hydrometer will cause incorrect readings and as well as spoil the quality of electrolyte. The specific gravity of electrolyte must be kept within 1.180 to 1.240. Low value of specific gravity decreases the capacity of battery and on the other hand high value is harmful for the battery plates.
11. The substation battery normally operates under floating mode. At floating mode, a constant voltage from the battery charger is applied across the battery during its normal operation to keep the battery approximately in fully charged condition. In normal condition the battery charger supplies the substation load and also compensate the losses in the battery. But in case of heavy demand during simultaneous operation of many switch gears, the battery and the charger, are combined to supply the demand.
12. During normal floating condition the cell voltage, specific gravity and temperature of pilot cells should be measured daily to follow up the condition of battery as a whole. But the same readings of each and every battery cell should be taken at least once in the month to keep monitored the conditions of individual cell.
13. The battery should be refilled with fresh electrolyte once in three years interval to maintain the battery in proper operating conditions.
14. This is should be noted that, the pilot cell of a battery bank is one arbitrarily chosen battery cell which is used to get the information about overall condition of the battery. But one pilot cell must be fixed for one month and it should be changed in next month.
15. This was a brief description of maintenance of substation battery but it is always preferable also to follow the instructions given into the maintenance manual supplied by the manufacturer too.

 please comment below in comment box for any error.